Method for forming carbon rich silicon-containing films

ABSTRACT

Provided is a method for forming a silicon oxycarbonitride film (SiOCN) with varying proportions of each element, using a disilane precursor under vapor deposition conditions, wherein the percent carbon incorporation into the SiOCN film may be varied between about 5 to about 60%, by utilizing co-reactants chosen from oxygen, ammonia, and nitrous oxide gas. The carbon-enriched SiOCN films thus formed may be converted to pure silicon dioxide films after an etch stop protocol by treatment with O 2  plasma.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to methods for the formation of silicon-containing films in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, and in particular to the formation of silicon-containing films having enhanced levels of carbon incorporated therein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In semiconductor manufacturing, thin (e.g., <1,000 nanometers thickness) passive layers of chemically inert dielectric materials, such as silicon nitride (Si₃N₄), siliconoxynitride (SiO_(x)N_(y)) and/or silicon dioxide (SiO₂), are widely employed in microelectronic device structures, to function as structural elements of the multi-layered structure, such as sidewall spacer elements, diffusion masks, oxidation barriers, trench isolation coatings, inter-metallic dielectric materials, passivation layers and etch-stop layers.

Studies have shown that carbon incorporation in silicon nitride films is beneficial to film quality for transistor sidewall spacer applications. Etch stop and capping layers situated between low dielectric constant (low-k) layers also benefit from a mixture of carbon with silicon nitride or silicon oxide. In addition, pre-metal dielectric (PMD)-liners of silicon nitride require etch selectivity and diffusion barrier properties, which can be enhanced by carbon incorporation into the silicon nitride. Silicon oxide has a low etch rate in hot phosphoric acid etches, however, incorporating carbon could significantly enhance that selectivity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In summary, the invention provides a method for forming a silicon oxycarbonitride film (SiOCN) with varying proportions of each element, using a disilane precursor under vapor deposition conditions.

The carbon-enriched SiOCN films thus formed may, in an additional aspect, be converted to pure silicon dioxide films after an etch stop protocol by treatment with O₂ plasma. The vapor deposition of the SiOCN according to the invention provides films having high wet etch selectivity (70:1) relative to SiO₂ film using dilute hydrofluoric acid (dHF) solution and about >1000:1 using H₃PO₄ solution. Treatment of the silicon oxycarbonitride film with oxygen plasma affords a highly pure film of pure silicon dioxide film having lower leakage than the SiOCN film and returns the etch rate in (dilute hydrofluoric acid) dHF to levels equal to or greater than that of thermally grown SiO₂.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plot of atomic percentage versus etch time in seconds for silicon, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen in a film formed using the precursor Bis-dimethylhydrazino tetramethyl disilane (“SINCH”) at 300 sccm of nitrous oxide in a chemical vapor deposition process. This data illustrates incorporation of carbon into the SiOCN film at a level of about 53.4%.

FIG. 2 is a plot of atomic percentage versus etch time in seconds for silicon, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen in a film formed using the precursor Bis-dimethylhydrazino tetramethyl disilane (“SINCH”) at 300 sccm of ammonia in a chemical vapor deposition process. This data illustrates incorporation of carbon into the SiOCN film at a level of about 48˜50%.

FIG. 3 is a plot of atomic percentage versus etch time in seconds for silicon, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen in a film formed using the precursor Bis-dimethylhydrazino tetramethyl disilane (“SINCH”) at 300 sccm of oxygen in a chemical vapor deposition process. This data illustrates incorporation of carbon into the SiOCN film at a level of about 1215%.

FIG. 4 is a plot of the wet etch rate (WER) of SiOCN film in H₃PO₄ at 150°.

FIG. 5 is a plot of the WER of SiOCN film in dHF (100:1). The data, presented in log format, shows that the increased carbon content of the film is resistant to phosphoric acid and dilute hydrofluoric acid.

FIG. 6 is a plot of Wet Etch Rate in angstroms per minute comparing a film of the invention before and after O₂ plasma treatment, presented in log format.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In a first aspect, the invention provides a method of forming a silicon oxycarbonitride film on a microelectronic device substrate, comprising exposing said substrate to (i) a silicon precursor compound having the Formula (I)

wherein R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently chosen from hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and each X and each Y, are independently chosen from hydrogen, halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkylamino, C₁-C₆ dialkylamino, and C₁-C₆ alkylhydrazido; and (ii) a co-reactant chosen from ammonia, nitrous oxide and oxygen, under vapor deposition conditions, wherein said silicon oxycarbonitride film possesses a pre-selected atomic percentage of carbon of from about 5 to about 60%.

In one embodiment, X and Y are chosen from methyl, ethyl, propyl, and halo. In another embodiment, one or more of X and Y are chosen from iodo, chloro, and bromo. In another embodiment, each of X and Y are methyl.

In one embodiment, the compound of Formula (I) is

Compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared by reaction of the corresponding disilane compounds of the formula (R₁)₂XSi—SiX(R₁)₂ with a secondary amine of the formula R₂R₃NH and a tertiary amine of the formula R₁R₂R₃N. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,601,860, incorporated herein by reference.

The silicon oxycarbonitride film may also contain varying amounts of hydrogen (H), but this will not be reported as part of the composition. Rather the composition of the films will be reported in atomic percent (“at %”) where the sum of the contents of Si, O, C, and N is 100 at %. In the method of the invention, the percent carbon incorporation into the SiOCN film may be varied between about 5 to about 60% by utilizing co-reactants chosen from oxygen, ammonia, and nitrous oxide gas. The co-reactants may be used alone or in any combination or proportion, and may be reacted with the substrate all at once or in sequence, either with or without a purge step in between treatment steps, in each case, after treatment with the compound of Formula (I) as set forth below.

In general, vapor deposition conditions comprise reaction conditions known as chemical vapor deposition, pulse-chemical vapor deposition, and atomic layer deposition. In the case of pulse-chemical vapor deposition, a series of alternating pulses of precursor compound of Formula (I) and co-reactant(s), either with or without an intermediate (inert gas) purge step, can be utilized to build up the film thickness to a desired endpoint.

In certain embodiments, the pulse time (i.e., duration of exposure to the substrate) for the precursor compounds of Formula (I) ranges between about 1 and 10 seconds. When a purge step is utilized, the duration is from about 1 to 4 seconds or 1 to 2 seconds. In other embodiments, the pulse time for the co-reactant ranges from 1 to 60 seconds. In other embodiments, the pulse time for the co-reactant ranges from about 5 to about 10 seconds.

In one embodiment, the vapor deposition conditions comprise a temperature of about 350° C. to about 750° C., and a pressure of about 1 to about 1000 Torr. In another embodiment, the vapor deposition conditions comprise a temperature of about 350° to about 550° C.

The compounds of Formula (I) and the co-reactants can be employed for forming silicon oxycarbonitride films on microelectronic devices by chemical vapor deposition, utilizing process conditions including a deposition temperature of from about 350° to about 550° C. to form films having a thickness of from about 50 angstroms to about 50,000 angstroms.

In the method of the invention, the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the desired co-reactant in any suitable manner, for example, in a single wafer CVD chamber, or in a furnace containing multiple wafers.

In the method of the invention, it is believed that the choice of co-reactant, sequence of utilization, and the corresponding flow rates and concentrations will allow one to prepare a silicon oxycarbonitride film containing from about 5 to about 60% carbon. In certain embodiments, the atomic percentage of carbon of the resulting film will be from about 40 to about 60% or about 45 to about 55%. In other embodiments, the atomic percentage of carbon of the resulting film will be from about 5 to 10%, 10 to 15%, 15 to 20%, 20 to 25%, 25 to 30%, 30 to 35%, 35 to 40%, 40 to 45%, 45 to 50%, 50 to 55%, and 55 to 60%. In this manner, a pre-selected atomic percentage of carbon can be incorporated into the film by utilizing any of ammonia, nitrous oxide, and oxygen, either individually or in any combination as co-reactant. Additionally, the co-reactant(s) may be utilized all at once in a pre-determined proportion and flow rate to yield a given atomic percentage of carbon, or the co-reactant(s) may be added sequentially, in different orders, and with and without intermediate step(s) of purging the reactor.

In further embodiments, the invention provides a silicon oxycarbonitride film comprising about 40 to about 60 atomic % carbon, about 50 to about 60 atomic % carbon, or about 50 to about 55 atomic percent % carbon. In further embodiments, the invention provides a microelectronic device, having deposited thereon a silicon oxycarbonitride film comprising about 40 to about 60 atomic % carbon, about 50 to about 60 atomic % carbon, or about 50 to about 55 atomic % carbon. Such films will be from about 50 angstroms to about 50,000 angstroms in thickness.

The silicon oxycarbonitride films thus produced can be essentially quantitatively converted to pure silicon dioxide films by exposure of said film to oxygen plasma, typically after an etch stop process. In this regard, the method of the invention is advantageously employed to form pure silicon dioxide films on very high aspect ratio microelectronic devices, having conformities of greater than 95% in a 50:1 aspect ratio microelectronic device. In this context, the films are generally more pure than corresponding silicon dioxide films formed by conventional thermal growth processes. In certain embodiments, the silicon dioxide films thus formed will be at least about 99% pure.

Accordingly, in another aspect, the invention provides a method of forming a silicon dioxide film on a microelectronic device substrate, comprising exposing said substrate to

(i) a silicon precursor compound having the Formula (I)

wherein R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently chosen from hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and each X and each Y, are independently chosen from hydrogen, halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkylamino, C₁-C₆ dialkylamino, and C₁-C₆ alkylhydrazido; and (ii) a co-reactant chosen from ammonia, nitrous oxide and oxygen, under vapor deposition conditions, wherein said silicon oxycarbonitride film possesses a pre-selected atomic percentage of carbon of from about 5 to about 60%, to form a silicon oxycarbonitride film, followed by treatment of said silicon oxycarbonitride film with oxygen plasma, to afford said silicon dioxide film.

In further embodiment, the invention provides a silicon dioxide film which is at least about 99% pure. In a further embodiment, the invention provides a microelectronic device having deposited thereon a silicon dioxide film which is at least about 99% pure. Such films will be from about 50 angstroms to about 50,000 angstroms in thickness.

This invention can be further illustrated by the following examples of certain embodiments thereof, although it will be understood that these examples are included merely for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention unless otherwise specifically indicated.

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Example 1. Silicon Oxycarbonitride with 53% C

A warm-walled ALD reactor was used to deposit a silicon oxycarbonitride film onto a silicon (100) wafer surface which was controlled at 550° C. and the pressure was controlled at 1˜2 Torr with a continuous flow of Ar inert gas. A series of alternating precursor and co-reactant pulses was used to build up the film thickness. A bubbler of SiNCH was held at a temperature of 80° C. Ar carrier gas flowed through the bubbler at 50 sccm carrying SiNCH vapor to the substrate surface for a pulse time of 10 s. This was followed by a 20 s pulse of 200 sccm Ar. This was followed by a 5 s pulse of 300 sccm of N₂O which was followed by another 20 s Ar purge. This pulse sequence was repeated 450 times to give a film thickness of 300 Å with a composition shown as in the first line of the table.

Example 2. Silicon Oxycarbonitride with ˜48% C

A warm-walled ALD reactor was used to deposit a silicon oxycarbonitride film onto a silicon (100) wafer surface which was controlled at 550° C. and the pressure was controlled at 1˜2 Torr with a continuous flow of Ar inert gas. A series of alternating precursor and co-reactant pulses was used to build up the film thickness. A bubbler of SiNCH was held at a temperature of 80° C. Ar carrier gas flowed through the bubbler at 50 sccm carrying SiNCH vapor to the substrate surface for a pulse time of 8 s. This was followed by a 20 s pulse of 200 sccm Ar. This was followed by a 10 s pulse of 300 sccm of NH₃ which was followed by another 20 s Ar purge. This pulse sequence was repeated 450 times to give a film thickness of 170 Å with a composition shown as in the second line of the table.

Example 3. Silicon Oxycarbonitride with ˜15% C

A warm-walled ALD reactor was used to deposit a silicon oxycarbonitride film onto a silicon (100) wafer surface which was controlled at 550° C. and the pressure was controlled at 1˜2 Torr with a continuous flow of Ar inert gas. A series of alternating precursor and co-reactant pulses was used to build up the film thickness. A bubbler of SiNCH was held at a temperature of 60° C. Ar carrier gas flowed through the bubbler at 50 sccm carrying SiNCH vapor to the substrate surface for a pulse time of 10 s. This was followed by a 20 s pulse of 200 sccm Ar. This was followed by a 10 s pulse of 300 sccm of O₂ which was followed by another 20 s Ar purge. This pulse sequence was repeated 450 times to give a film thickness of 270 Å with a composition shown as in the last line of the table.

Process Conditions Reactant (sccm) XPS Result SINCH* bubbler Growth Rate temp (° C.) N₂O O₂ NH₃ (Å/cycle) C N O 60-90 300~700 — — 0.6~0.74 51.9~53.7 4.3~6.4  8.2~8.8 80 — — 300 0.57 48~50 6.5  8.7 60 300~900 0.6~0.77 12~15 2.7~3.1 48.0~50.6 *SINCH = Bis-dimethylhydrazino tetramethyl disilane

Typical Process Condition

Process Chamber SINCH Delivery Process SINCH* SINCH* tempera- Process bubbler Carrier Reactant ture Pressure temp gas (He or N₂O O₂ NH₃ (° C.) (Torr) (° C.) Ar or N2) (sccm) (sccm) (sccm) 350~650 0.01~100 25~120 0~1000 0~1000 0~1000 0~1000

XPS Result of Before/after O₂ Plasma Treatment

Process Conditions XPS Result SINCH* O2 bubbler Reactant (seem) Growth Rate plasma Atomic % temp (° C.) N₂O O₂ NH₃ (Å/cycle) treatment C N O 80 300 0.6 Before 53.4 5.5  8.6 After  0 0 67.5 80 300 0.57 Before 48-50 6.5  8.7 After  0 0 67.6

The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be affected within the spirit and scope of the invention. 

1. A method of forming a silicon oxycarbonitride film on a microelectronic device substrate, comprising exposing said substrate to (i) a silicon precursor compound having the Formula (I)

wherein R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently chosen from hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and each X and each Y, are independently chosen from hydrogen, halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkylamino, C₁-C₆ dialkylamino, and C₁-C₆ alkylhydrazido; and (ii) a co-reactant chosen from ammonia, nitrous oxide and oxygen, under vapor deposition conditions, wherein said silicon oxycarbonitride film possesses a pre-selected atomic percentage of carbon of from about 5 to about 60%.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-selected atomic percentage of carbon is from about 40 to about 45%.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-selected atomic percentage of carbon is from about 45 to about 50%.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-selected atomic percentage of carbon is from about 50 to about 55%.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-selected atomic percentage of carbon is from about 55 to about 60%.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein X and Y are chosen from halo, methyl, and propyl.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is


8. The method of claim 1, wherein the co-reactant comprises ammonia.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the co-reactant comprises nitrous oxide.
 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the co-reactant comprises oxygen.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the co-reactant comprises any combination of at least two of oxygen, ammonia, and nitrous oxide.
 12. A method of forming a silicon dioxide film on a microelectronic device substrate, comprising exposing said substrate to (i) a silicon precursor compound having the Formula (I)

wherein R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently chosen from hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and each X and each Y, are independently chosen from hydrogen, halo, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkylamino, C₁-C₆ dialkylamino, and C₁-C₆ alkylhydrazido; and (ii) a co-reactant chosen from ammonia, nitrous oxide and oxygen, under vapor deposition conditions, wherein said silicon oxycarbonitride film possesses a pre-selected atomic percentage of carbon of from about 5 to about 60%, to form a silicon oxycarbonitride film, followed by treatment of said silicon oxycarbonitride film with oxygen plasma, to afford said silicon dioxide film.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the pre-selected atomic percentage of carbon is from about 40 to about 60%.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein X and Y are chosen from halo, methyl, and propyl.
 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is


16. The method of claim 12, wherein the co-reactant comprises any combination of at least two of oxygen, ammonia, and nitrous oxide.
 17. A microelectronic device having deposited thereon a silicon oxycarbonitride film comprising about 40 to about 60% atomic carbon.
 18. The microelectronic device of claim 17, having deposited thereon a silicon oxycarbonitride film comprising about 50 to about 55% atomic carbon.
 19. A microelectronic device of claim 17, having deposited thereon a silicon dioxide film which is at least about 99% pure. 